MAAN & Stereotypes

In the play "Much Ado About Nothing" Shakespeare shows many sterotypes mainly based off of social class. This is most apparent towards Dogberry and Verges who are obviously of a lower social class than Leonato, the Prince, Benedick and Claudio. Since they are poorer then the others in the play, the stereotype that they are stupid and insane is shown throughout the play. We can see this first of all because everytime they speak, their lines are written in prose and never in verse which showed intelligence. Also, the reader sees this sterotype in the way they are treated, for example when Dogberry is speaking to Leonato about the men they captured last night, Leonato basically mocks him when Dogberry says, "all men are not alike, alas, good neighbor!" and Leonato replies, "Indeed, neighbor, he comes too short of you" (III.5.34-36). Leonato mocks him directly to his face because Leonato thinks he is simply crazy and cannot produce a coherent sentence let alone tell him something important. Also, Dogberry is again mocked by Claudio as being unintelligent when Claudio says to the Prince, "Rightly reasoned, and in his own division; and, by my troth, there's one meaning well suited." (V.1.210-211). Dogberry does not speak in the same way that Claudio and the Prince speak, so they mock his speech and act as if he is completely insane.
I do not think Shakespeare believed in the stereotype he presented with Dogberry and Verges because he has Dogberry hold the extremely important information that everyone needed to know in order to avoid alot of grief and complications. The people in the play who seem the craziest are the only ones who actually know the truth and can help the most. If only the people of higher social class and status would have listened, there would not have been any problem.
In addition, Shakespeare shows gender sterotypes in "Much Ado About Nothing" against women. He shows this stereotype in a speech by Beatrice when she exclaims, "O God, that i were a man! I would eat his heart in the marketplace." (IV.1.301-302). This shows that because Beatrice is a woman she cannot do anything to Claudio for revenge, she can only get a man to do it for her. In order to do anything about her problems Beatrice must be a man, so she convinces Benedick to do her dirty work for her.
I think Shakespeare did believe in this stereotype, because he lived in a more traditional time when a woman's job was merely to be a mother and a wife. Also, because in the play Beatrice's intelligence is seen as unattractive and also Beatrice doesn't do anything about her problem, she gets Benedick to do it.

MAAN & Ethics

I believe that there is a time when lying is ehtically and morally justified. Not all lying is justified obviously, for instance if the lie hurts others or if the lie is to cover up something terrible instead of accepting the consequences of one's actions, but this is not always the case when someone lies. For an example in "Much Ado About Nothing" in act 2 scene 3 and act 3 scene 1 Leonato, Prince, Claudio, Hero, Margaret and Ursula all lie in order to trick Benedick and Beatrice into falling in love with each other. The lying in these scenes is morally justified in my opinion because they were just having innocent fun with Beatrice and Benedick, they were not hurting them in any way. If anything they were helping Beatrice and Benedick because if they had not tricked them , Beatrice and Benedick would have probably never admitted their true feelings to each other and would not have gotten married. The lying to Beatrice and Benedick helped them entirely, therefore it was morally justified.
On the other hand lying is not justified if it involves hurting others in any way. If people are getting hurt because of a lie then then it is ethically wrong to tell a lie in order to sabotage someone else. Another example from "Much Ado About Nothing" is when Don John and Borachio are plotting to seek revenge on Claudio by ruining his marriage to Hero. Don John questions, "How canst thou cross this marriage?" and Borachio replies, "Not honestly, my lord, but so covertly that no dishonesty shall appear in me" (II.2.6-9). This kind of lying is specifically to ruin Claudio's marriage and disgrace Hero because Don John is jealous of Claudio therefore his actions are completely out of revenge. This is clearly wrong on Don John and Borachio's part because they are tryign to hurt Claudio as opposed to trying to help as Claudio, Leonato, Prince, Hero, Margaret and Ursula were doing. To summarize lying can possibly be justified morally and ethically depending on the situation, and whether or not the intentions of the liar are good or evil.

"Negro" by Langston Hughes

I am a Negro:
Black as the night is black,
Black like the depths of my Africa.

I’ve been a slave:
Caesar told me to keep his door-steps clean.
I brushed the boots of Washington.

I’ve been a worker:
Under my hand the pyramids arose.
I made mortar for the Woolworth Building.

I’ve been a singer:
All the way from Africa to Georgia
I carried my sorrow songs.
I made ragtime.

I’ve been a victim:
The Belgians cut off my hands in the Congo.
They lynch me still in Mississippi.

I am a Negro:
Black as the night is black,
Black like the depths of my Africa.

This poem was written by a very famous poet named Langston Hughes. He was a Harlem Renaissance poet which means he lived during the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920's. This was a time when racial pride was represented in the idea that through things like art, music, and literature, blacks could challenge racism. This is highly reflected in all of his poems, especially this one, entitled "Negro". This peom reflects the history of African Americans and the trials and tribulations they endured in the past and continue to endure in the present. Hughes describes himself and his race as having been a slave, worker, singer and victim who suffered descrimination in several different ways from several different people in several different places. By doing this Hughes shows himself, one black man, as the entire black race throughout history. Hughes uses many allusions in this poem, alluding to Julius Caeser, George Washington, and the Woolworth Building to show the large role black people played throughout history.
This poem resonated with me because the events he describes are the real events my ancestors suffered, and enlightens me to how far African-Americans as a people have come. When I read this poem, i feel in touch with my roots all the way back to Africa. In the lines when he says "I am a Negro" (1, 17), I feel as though he is describing me, because although fortunately the word "negro" is no longer used, during his time I would have been considered negro as well. The reader can feel the extreme pain and suffering in his words as he describes the different roles of a "negro". I love this poem because it reminds me where I came from, and the things my ancestors had to face so that I could have the freedoms I have today.

Debrief

Meditate on the events of quarter one. How did you do in this class? What did you learn? Which of your academic skills improved? Where are you still struggling? How is the class environment? What can you do to further strengthen the learning community in our classroom? What are your goals for Q2? Basically, how did things go for you and what can you do to improve or to make things more successful for yourself and others?

I’m quite pleased with the outcome of first quarter in terms of my grade. I learned a lot about analysis of movies and photographs. I never really thought about how people actually take the time to plan those things and give movies a different affect. I’ve seen movies before with the different angles and shadows, but now I know what the directors are trying to portray with their techniques and recognize them. Also, my academic skills have improved when it comes to essay writing; I think I understand the structure of an essay very well. Going into my freshman year I felt like I knew absolutely nothing about writing essays so the very first five-paragraph essay was a large blow and then at the end of the year I thought I knew exactly how to write a good essay. Unfortunately, I was wrong and I was not as good as I thought. Although I didn’t do terribly on our essay for quarter one, I still do not exactly understand how to form a strong thesis. I understand how to find themes, but putting them together is something that I struggle with. I think I have a better grasp on the concept now that we have practiced it, but I would like to get a lot better. Lastly, I like our class environment, it is a fun atmosphere but at the same time most of us know when it is time to work and not play so much. We all probably could become more successful in the class if everyone came to school prepared, for instance that one day during first quarter when almost half the class didn’t do their homework, it was really hard for us to work efficiently because few students had done the homework. I’m a little nervous for our large research paper coming up, because I tend to become repetitive when I’m trying to reach a page limit, but I’m hoping for the best!

OR#5 Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathabane

Who are the main characters of your book? Describe their personality and what seems to motivate them.

Stan Smith-
An American white man who helps Mark find a college in America that will accept him on a tennis scholarship. He befriends Mathabane after meeting him at a tennis tournament. Stan's motivation is to help Mathabane live a better, and more fair life. He wants to help Mark get out of the apartheid in South Africa where he will always be treted like a slave and to some place where his talents would be more appreciated.

Arthur Ashe-
An Black American tennis player, and the first black man to win at Wimbledon. Ashe has huge influence on Mathabane's life when he comes to play tennis in South Africa. His motivation seems to be to break the racial barrier in America and in South Africa by using the game of tennis. He moitivates Johannes to want to become a great tennis player just like him and teaches him that a black man can actually do something more in the world than run from the police. When Mathabane first hears of Arthur Ashe he exclaims," I couldn't even begin to imagine how a black man could become so good in a sport dominated by whites" (208). Before learning about Aurhur Ashe Mathabane didn't think he could ever succeed in tennis simply becuase he wasn't white, but after learning about Arthur Ashe, even though he lost the game in South Africa, Johannes thinks he could too possibly become like Arthur Ashe one day.

Aunt Bushy, Granny and Uncle Piet-
Aunt Bushy is Granny's teenage daughter who lives at home. She tries her hardest to help Johannes with school by giving him money for lunch and paying for his school trips (226). Johannes described Granny as the most beautiful black woman in the world, and she loves Johannes more than anything. She even says to him, "As long as i have you child, I don't need a husband" (226). Granny did her best to help finance Mathabane's schooling even though it was quite expensive. She knew that Johannes needed and education to do well in life in the future and along with his mother forces him to go despite his complaints. The motivation of all three of these characters is to help Johannes get an education and be able to live better than they did. The three of them continuosly supplied him with money for school whenever they could which allowed Johannes more time to focus on tennis and less time on finding a job and working (226).

Wilfred-
Met Johannes while he was working at the tennis ranch, Wilfred is a German tennis player living in South Africa with his South African wife and son. He respects black people and treats Johannes nicely. When Wilfred hears how hard the blacks live in the ghettos he is stunned because in the white world they never hear the truth about anything going on in the black world. Wilfred asks Mark to tell his stories of the harsh apartheid to the whole bar later at night and Mark agrees. His motivation is to help blacks be treated at least as humans. He asked Mark to speak at the bar because he wanted others to know and realize how unfair and shocking it is. Wilfred really likes Mark and was apalled by the way Mark was treated for his entire life.

OR#4 Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathabane

Who are the main characters of your book? Describe their personality and what seems to motivate them.

Mark’s father-
The only male figure in Mark’s life, but his strict ways push Mark away. Being born in a tribal reserve, he forces the beliefs of his ancestors from the reserve on his family. Most families who moved to the cities from the reserves leave those beliefs behind and switch to a more modernized way of thinking, but he wants nothing more than for his children to fully believe what he believed as a child and therefore grow up just like him. His highly conservative ways clash with his wife occasionally. When she tries to convince him to convert to Christianity, he refuses to listen and she tells him that she is going to be baptized anyway, he exclaims that she is not being the obedient wife that he bought (52). This fully proves his conservative nature. His motivation is to make money so he can provide a better life for his family, although he does this in the wrong ways, like gambling and drinking to forget how bad he life is.

Mark’s mother-
She too grew up on a tribal reserve, but unlike her husband, she does not desire to live a strictly tribal life. She wants to embrace some of the new modern cultural things. For instance Christianity, she wants to convert and praise both the Christian God and the tribal gods (but mostly the Christian God). Although she is eventually baptized, she still follows a few tribal beliefs like voodoo and witches. These beliefs cause her to be very superstitious, for example when Mark begins begging for food, she orders him to stop because the people who he gets food from are witches giving him poison food (98). Also, she is an excellent storyteller and often her stories are the only entertainment for her children. Her motivation seems to be to give her children the best life they can possibly have by keeping them healthy, and doing whatever it takes to give them a brighter future.

Mark Mathabane (Johannes)-
In his childhood he is a very curious and suspicious boy. He does not understand a lot of things and is very suspicious. For instance when he notices his mother’s stomach getting big because she is pregnant, he accuses her of eating too much, thinking she is hiding food from him and his siblings (41). Johannes sees his parents’ constant struggle to support the family in the midst of the apartheid and dreads the thought that one day he will be forced to grow up and do the same. He does not want to end up like his parents; he wants better things for his life. He does not want to constantly be condemned by the corrupt government of his South African home. He has big dreams of going away to America and doing big things far beyond expectations, which he eventually does.

OR#3 Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathabane

How is this novel similar to other pieces of literature (poems, novels, films) that we have studied in class?

In the novel Kaffir Boy, the relationship between the defenseless black subjects of South Africa and the overbearing power of the white government, shares similarities between the citizens and the powerful mob in the film On the Water Front.
In the film On the Water Front, the mob ruthlessly kills their enemies and go unpunished. There is absolutely nothing anyone else can do about it because if they speak up, they are killed by the mob before they even have the chance to testify in court. Almost everyone chooses to keep their mouths shut and preserve their lives rather than speak and put themselves in mortal danger. The citizens are defenseless against the mob, because it has gained so much power. Everyone knows who is responsible for the killings, but nobody can do anything about it. obviously this system is unfair because the mob can basically kill whoever they want to, whenever they want to and nobody will do anything about it.
Similarly, the citizens of South Africa during the aparthied are defensless against the white government. If anyone tries to rebel, full permission is given to the police to kill them. They are forced to live in crappy broken down shacks while white people live in large extravagent homes, just like the mobsters live rich, lavish lives without lifting a finger, while the workers on the waterfront work all day for a peeny. The blacks in South Africa shut their mouths and accept apartheid because there are not enough of them who have the means or the guts to say anything. In Kaffir Boy, as a child Mathabane spoke to his mother about building a big house when he grows up and makes alot of money, but she enlightens him that the law states that black people cannot own houses, but live in poorly made shacks (93). Mathabane is unable to grasp the reason why black people cannot own houses when white people can because it's not fair, but his mother simply tells him to accept it and stop asking questions. Laws like these are so unbelieveable unfair that a mere child can point it out. Unfortunately, when he does point it out, he is told to shut his mouth because nothing can be done. This leads him to understand the connection between the entirely different but connected worlds of blacks and whites, and their "dependancey like master and slave" (94).
In the novel Kaffir Boy, the white government controls everything having to do with the lives of the blacks. They prevent them from getting good jobs with good pay, from owning houses and prevents some from even seeing their families. In the film On the Water Front, the mob controls who lives and who dies and large businesses where they can promote their friends and family to higher positions. The power of these two institutions is immeasurable and it's victims are powerless to protect themselves.